Typecasting and line-forming machine



E. E. WILSON.

TYPECASHNG AND LINE FORMING MACHINE.

,wPucmon FILED FEB. 10. I920. Patented Mar. 1

EEWLVM E. E. WILSON.

TPECASTIN6 AND LINE FORMING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I0, I920.

Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

6 SHEEIS-SHEE'I 2.

E. E. WILSON.

TYPECASTING AND LINE FORMING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10} I920.

1,370,676. Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

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1 s k \x E. E. WSLSON.

TYPECASIING AND L'NE FORMING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED FB.10, 1920.

1,370,676. Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

V 6 5HE1S-$HEE1 4| 4/1/zzin 7r1v EEWA'LWM E. E. WILSON. TYPECASTING ANDLINE mnmms MACHINE.

1,370,676. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1% I920. Mar. 8,

6 SHEETS-SHHIT 5- E. E. WILSON.

TYPECASTING AND LINE FORMING MACHlNE.

P o 2 7 9 4 A m m 4 m z N I m M m a P 2 M 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD E. WILSON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE WILSON DISPLAYO-TYPE MACHINE 00., OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

TYPECASTING AN D LINE-FORMING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. EDWARD E. VILSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of (Juyahoga and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Typecasting andLine-Forming Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a new and novel improvement in type castingand line forming machine and has for its object to provide a means forcarrying a large number of different sizes and face of type or typematrices in one machine. and for bringing these different type or typematrices into position for printing or casting and for the purpose offorming type letters to be rsed in printing.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a plurality of holdersin which type or type matrices may be carried and independently used andstored in a convenient manner to be delivered to a central printing orcasting point. a print or cast being made therefrom and the type ormatrix delivered back into the container, magazine or rack.

Still further objects of the invention are in the provision of means forlocating the propencarrier in registry with the printing or castingpoint, means for disposing of the printed or formed type face in aconvenient and eiiicient manner, the provision of a suitable mechanismfor controlling the proper movement of the carriers in a rapid andefficient manner and the provision of a machine which will be simple anddurable. nominal in cost and capable of serving wide usage.

T 0 this end the invention consists in the certain construction andcombination of parts which may best be described in connection with theaccompanying drawings and particularly pointed out in the followingspecification and claims.

Reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein like referencenumerals designate similar parts of reference throughout the variousviews. Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine: Fig. 2 is a planview drawn to a large scale: Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on theline 33 of Fig. i: Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 1-4 ofFig. 1: Fig. 5 is a similar section as indicated by the line 5 of Fig.6: Fig. 6

is a sectional detail on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a similardetail on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4; Figs. Sand 9 are sectional details ofthe matrix clamps; Fig. 10 isa perspective of the type stick; Figs. 11and 12 are sectional details corresponding to the linesll- 11 of Fig. 2and 12-12 of Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the matrixcarrier one of the matrices being partially removed; Fig. 14 is aperspective view of a type letter; Fig. 15 is a perspective view of atype face as it emerges in its completed form from the machine; Fig. 16is a detail in perspective of the mold disk or wheel.

The invention consists of a table 1 supported upon legs 2 at aconvenient height for operating. On the top of the table and at each endthereof are supported front and back frames 3 and 4, respectively. Theseframes are secured equidistant from each other by being bolted at thebottom to the table top and at the top by cross bars 5, and are eachprovided with an overhanging portion 6 which permits a cage or frame 7to slide longitudinally back and forth upon tracks 8 which extend atright angles to and are made as a part of the frames 3 and 4. The cage 7is composed of end and side members 9 and 10 respectively and ispermitted to freely move upon the aforesaid tracks upon anti-frictionrollers 11 secured to the sides 10 and said cage supports the type ormatrix carriers which will now be described.

As previously stated, the carriers of the type or type matrices must beso constructed and stored as to permit of independent use andpositioning with respect to a central casting point. lVith this end inview I have designed a boxed carrier 15 provided with separatecompartments 16 in which are placed the type or-type matrices. and saidtype or type matrices each comprise a rectangular plate 17 upon one endof which is stamped or elcctrotyped a type 18 or type matrix. The plates17 are retained in their respective compartments 16 by a cover plate 20,the edges of which are dove-tailed to occupy like recesses 21 inthe=carrier 15. The carrier 15 is further provided with interlockinghinge members 22 and 23 at the top and bottom. so that they may beassembled in the form of a bar or chain of carriers. each bar containingtwo or more carriers, and as shown in the drawings, Figs.

*ferent font.

4 and 5, the bar or chain comprises five carriers and each carrier mayconfine a series of type or type matrices or characters of a dif- At thetop said carriers are secured by means of their hinge joint to abar-carrying plate 25 and said plate is provided with ears or lugs 26,which rest upon the aforesaid tracks 8. These lugs 26 may be providedwith anti-friction rollers to facilitate their free movement upon saidtracks, but this is optional and therefore has not been illustrated,and, as clearly illustrated, a lurality of said plates are confinedwithm the frames of the cage 7.

The aforesaid frames 3 and 4 are provided at their middle with verticalflan ed slideways 28 which terminate on a p ane wlth the top surface ofthe tracks 8 and extend downwardly to a point just above the casting.

or mold wheel, which will be hereinafter described, and a pair ofsliding conveyors 30 are adapted to move within each slideway, whichconveyers are provided with studs 32 which project outside the limits of,the frames 3 and 4 and are engaged by the slotted ends of a pair oflevers 35 which are located outside of the frames 3 and 4 and arepivoted at their ends upon a shaft 36 which has a bearing in and extendsbetween and through the foresaid frames, and said levers are adapted tobe operated by links 37 pivotally secured at one end to the middle ofthe levers These links are provided at the opposits end with slots 38 inwhich are engaged a second pair of levers 39 pivoted upon a shaft 40which extends through and has hearings in the aforementioned frames 3and 4. The aforementioned levers 39 are provided with a lost motionconnection with the levers 37 for a purpose to be hereinafter.described, and are in turn each operated by a link 41 having connectionwith a crank arm 42 securely fixed upon a third shaft 43, which hasbearing in the frames 3 and 4, and which is manually operated by a crank44 provided with an operating handle 45. It is evident that upon motionbeing iven to the crank 44 and a connection established after apredetermined time with the levers 35, said motion causes the conveyersto be moved vertically within the slideways aforementioned, and themethod of selecting the proper bar of matrix carriers preliminary tothis movement will now be described.

The hereinbefore referred to cage 7 has secured to it a rack 50 by meansof su porting members 51 which are secured tli and which extend beyondthe outside limits of the frame 3 and said rack is engaged by a spurgear 53 mounted u on a shaft 54 having suitable bearing in t eoverhanging portion 6 of the frames 3 and 4. This shaft has also securedthereon a bevel pinion 55 which meshes with alike inion 56 upon asubstantially vertical she 57, and said shaft is ereto driven through alike pair of bevel gears 58 by a crank 59. Said gears 58 are suitablymounted in a bearing member 60 supported upon the top of the table 1.The shaft 61 upon which the crank handle 59 is mounted also has securedthereto a disk 62 and said disk is provided with a series of graduationsabout its outer circumference which are marked according to thecharacter that it is desired to select. In this manner the crank 59 isrotated until the indicating finger 65 points out the character desired,motlon being transmitted through the gearing and rack before mentionedto the cage 7, and the assembl of matrix bars are caused to move longituinally upon the tracks 8 until the proper bar of matrices is inalinement with the slideways 28. At this time the lugs 26 rest upon thetop surface of the conveyers 30 and upon motion being transmitted to thelevers 35 the bar or chain of matrices is caused to descend verticallywith the conveyers within the slideways 28.

After determining the proper character or letter it is desired to cast,it is next necessary to determine the proper font or form of that sameletter or character, as it will be remembered that each bar of matriceswill carry a pluralit of different fonts. This is accomplis ed by meansto limit the downward vertical movement of said bar, and consists of astop slidably mounted in alinement with the slideways 28 andsubstantially at the middle of the table 1, and said stop is operated bya rack 71 havin engagement with a spur gear 72 driven b means of anoperating wheel 73. A lura ity of graduations 74 upon the face of thestop upon coming in alinement respectively with the top plane of thetable will determine the exact font of type coming in registry with theproper point of the casting ap aratus as will ap car more clearlyhereina er.

t will be obvious that after the matrix has been located definitely withrespect to the proper casting position it is essential that the same beeffectively clamped thereagainst, and means for accomplishing thisresult consists of a swinging carrier clamp or vise indicated generallyat 110 and illustrated in detail in Figs. 8 and 9. Said vise is pivotedat its lower end upon an arbor 111 securely mounted in a suitablebracket formed as part of the frame 4 and is adapted to be swung intoand out of engagement with the carrier 15 by a pair of horizontal arms112 secured at one end to said vise by means of a shaft 115 whichextends transversely of the frames 3 and 4 and is securely fixed to saidvise by means of the brackets 116, and said arms are given areciprocatory movement by cams 118 the extreme outer ends of the shaft40 en agi a pair of rollers 118 secured to the ends of iille arms 112.As clearly indicated in Fig. 1

roper the arms 112 are slotted at one end to permit bearing to be hadupon the shaft 40. thus confining them in such a manner as 'to keep themin the proper engagement whereby motion may be-transmitted thereto. Thevise or clamp 110 is provided at its upper end with a central partition120 and at each end thereof with movable members 121. The members 121are normally thrust outwardly or away from the partition 120 by springs1:22 and at the time of clamping the carrier in place are adapted tomove inwardly or toward the partition 120, so as to effectively clampthe carrier in the space 124, bythc beveled edges 125 engaging thebeveled surfaces 126 of wedge blocks 12? se cured to and supported bythe frames 3 and -l. This movement takes place onlywhen the vise isthrust in a direction toward the casting or mold wheel. Upon referringpar ticnlarly to Fig. 7, it will be seen that the clamp furthersupports. by means of a pair of arms 130, a strap member 131 which is sopositioned as to engage the opposite side of the carrier 15 to thatwhich 18 engaged by the clamp 110. This is provided for the purpose offreeing the matrix from the formed type face after same has been castand the action takes place simultaneously with the freeing movement ofthe clamp from the carrier 15.

Upon reference particularly to Figs. 4 and 5 it will be seen that twoseparate bars of carriers depend from the plate .25 and to properlyposition the same with respect to the proper casting position I providean index 135 supported in such a manner by the side frames 3 and -l asto separate them the proper distance preliminary to their positioningthemselves within the clamp 110.

The casting apparatus comprises a casting or mold wheel in the form of asteel disk provided with a hub portion 76 which permits it to be mountedupon the end of a horizontal shaft 77 located between the frames 3 and 4and supported by a bearing 78 secured to the table 1. The wheel 75 isfurther provided with a plurality of rows of rectangular tangentialopenings 80 and with a second series of openings 81 spaced 90 degreesapart. The aforementioned openings S0 allow the molten metal to enterthe matrices and form the stem of the type face as will appear moreclearly hereinafter.

The wheel is intermittently rotated onequarter turn upon each selectionof type face and this is accomplished by means of a bevel pinion 85,Fig. 3. loosely secured upon the opposite end of the shaft 77. and saidpinion has formed thereon a hub portion 86 provided with ratchet teeth87 which are engaged by a ratchet collar 88 splined to said shaft. andnormally held in engagement with the teeth 87 by a spring 89 interposedbetween said collar and the bearing 78. The

bevel pinion is rotated at the proper time by means of a gear segment 90provided with skew teeth 91 and is fixed to the shaft 40.

As before stated, the openings 80 in the mold wheel 75 form the stem ofthe type faces. and as the wheel rotates through onequarter turn itcarries with it the formed type face. It is therefore obvious thatejecting means must be provided to remove the formed type faces from themold wheel, and said means consists of a plurality of ejector rods 95equal in number to the openings 80 and which are slidabl mounted withinan extension bearing 96 ormed as part of the main bearing 78 and securedat one end to a head 97 which has pivotally connected thereto an arm 98receiving its motion throu h a crank 99 secured upon the shaft 43. T ieslotted connection at 99 between said arm 98 and crank 99 is soconstructed as to permit of considerable lost motion being hadtherebetween. The aforesaid rods 95 are further provided with reducedends 100 which enter the openings 80 in the mold wheel and therebyeffectively eject the formed type face. It is further necessary toprovide a means for positioning the mold wheel in an exact relation tothe type matrices and this is accomplished by an adjuster rod 101provided at one end with a reduced portion 102 which enters one of theopenings 81 in said mold wheel and has its opposite end secured to thehead 97 hereinbefore referred to.

Means for supplying molten metal to the rear of the mold wheel andthrough the openings 80 comprises a metal pot, pump and heatingappliance which is not shown in detail in the drawings, as there aremany different appliances of this class and the selection of these partswere left to be adapted to the needs of the machine, therefore the metalpot only is shown and is indicated at 140, for holding the molten metal,constructed with a jacket similar to those used in other type or slugcasting machines and with a nozzle 141 opening directly upon the rear ofthe aforementioned mold wheel, the nozzle being so constructed as toform it shutoff back ground for those openings 80 of the mold wheelwhich are not in use. The metal pot 140 is pivoted to the base plate at142 in such a manner that the swing of the said pot will carry thenozzle over and directly in line with the proper opening in the moldwheel. The movement of said metal pot may be controlled by means ofsuitable links or levers in any convenient manner to swing the same andin order to place the nozzle in the proper position. The foregoing con-1 strnctions are well known to the art and therefore require no furtherillustration or description.

A plurality of openings 80 in each set is provided, for the followingreasons; the cage provided with a solid fiat surface mouththe back ofthe letter.

piece with only one orifice for the metal to e forced through by theaction of the amp located on the inside of the metal pot. Vhen theletter is casting. this flat surface forms a back wall for the holes inthe disk except the hole which comes in alinement with the opening inthe metal pot mouthpiece. When the mouthpiece is clamped against thedisk on one side of the wheel, the matrix carriage is clamped againstthe other side with the letter to be cast resting in direct alinementwith the hole in the mouthpiece. is forced through the orifice of themouthpiece, into and through the hole in the disk,

and into the matrix where it fills the matrix, Should it hap ienthusforming the letter. to be a thin letter to be cast there woulr be butone stem at the hack of the letter, but should it be a wide'let-ter, themetal being forced over to the edge of the matrix, it

eutcrs the other one or two holes in the disk and thus forms one or twoor more stems at This is for the purpose of securing the letter morefirmly to the slug when the slug; is cast onto the letter, as the wideletter. would have one or two or more stems'around which the base slugwould be cast. Then in casting the lower case letters the metal potmouthpiece is shifted back so as to bring theorifice in the mouthpieceinto alinement with the fourth hole from the right. It will he noticedthat all six of the ejector rods work simultaneously immediately afterthe wheel adjuster (101-402) thus entering all' holes in the disk andejecting the letter, whether it be in the first three holes or thesecond three holes of the mold block.

As before described the formed type faces are ejected from the moldwheel by the ejector rods 95. and in order to keep the same' in theirsuccessive order a type stick or magazine indicated generally at 150 isprovided.

Saidtype stick consists of a face plate 151 provided with a verticalslot 152 and secured to a back plate 153. A second plate which shall betermed the letter slide 154 is mounted directly in back of the plate 151and spaced fr 0m the back 153 a distance equal to the thickness of thetype face, andsaid slide is permitted a vertical movement betweenguideways 155 carried by the back 153 so that when a letter is cast inthe open- 'iug indicated at 80' the slide may be moved The metal up ordown by the handle thereon to'allow the slot 156 in the slide 154 toadjust itself to the arc defined by the opening 80* at one- (uartcrrotation of the mold wheel. The ornred type face is then ejected withthe type face between the back 153 and the slide 154 with the stemprojecting through the vertical slot 156. This type stick is pivotallymounted at the bottom 'end as indicated at 160 to a suitable bracket 161carried by the table top and when the type stick has become filled toits capacity the same is tipped forward and the ty 0 emptied into achanneled or grooved galey for further operation. I

In Fig. 15 I have illustrated in detail the formed t 'pe face whichconsists of a body portion 110 provided with a stem 171.

With the parts constructed as described and the metal in the metal potbeing in condition the first operation is the location of the properfont desired by turnin the hand wheel 7 3. The operator then wit hisleft hand turns handle 59 until the letter desired comes directly inline with pointer 65. Then with the righthand he throws crank 44 over toright, this brings the arms the nozzle 141 of the metal pot 140 and oneof the openings 80 in the mold disk or wheel 75. This movement alsoturns shaft 40 which throws the clamp arms 112 toward the right, thusclamping the mat carrier-15 snugly against the mold disk or wheel 75,and at the same time it releases the plunger in the metal pot, thiscausing the molten metal to be forced upward and into and through thenozzle 141 of the metal pot 140 and into the mold disk 75. This movementalso throws forwardthe mold wheel adjuster 101 and the ejector rods thussecuring the mold disk rigidly in position and ejecting any letter whichmay be in the preceding openings in the mold disk. After the operatorhas thrown the handle 44 to the right as far as it will go he brings itback to the left. This movement brings the mold disk 101 and ejectors 95back into position. at the same time it brings the metal pot plungerhack into position, and also raises conveyor arms 35, this carrying thebar of mat carriers back into the rack and at the same time gear segment90 fixed to shaft 40, engages the ratchet pinion 85 upon the main shaft77, turning said shaft and bringing the cast letter into position forejection and also'brings another series of openings into position to bein line for another mat carrier. Another similar operation ejects theletter just east and the stem llO is then tipiped forward and the ty eemptied by sh mg it out of type stick s ide and into a channeled orgrooved galle where it is properly spaced and justifie It is thencarried to a slug caster where the type high slugs are cast, thusforming a type high 'printin slu which is ready for use,- by underlaylngt e letters with slug-high metal bases or quads or slugs.

I claim:

1. In a type casting machine, the combination of a track, a' frameslidable back and forth thereon, a plurality of matrix carrierssupported by said frame guideways communicating with said traclr andprovided with conveyers, means to register any one of the carriers withsaid conveyeis, and means to operate the conveyers to shift the selectedcarrier from the frame to casting position and return.

2. In a type casting machine, the combination of a track, a frameslidable back and forth thereon, a set of matrix carriers mounted uponthe frame, a guideway leading from the track to castmg1 position, a pairof conveyers movable in t e guideway at opposite sides thereof andadapted to ena e a selected matrix carrier, means to shift the frameback and forth and means to shift the conve are from the track tocasting position an return.

3. In a type castin machine, the combination of an up er' orizontaltrack, having openin in t e rails thereof, a pair of slideways eadingfrom said openings to casting position, a pair of conveyers movable upand down in said slideways and adapted to register with said rails whenin raised position, a frame slidable back and forth on said track, a setof matrix carriers mounted in said frame and adapted to be selectivelyregistered with said conveyers, and means to raise and lower theconveyers, to carry the selected matrix carrier to casting position andreturn.

4. In a ty e castin machine, the combination of a orizonta track, aframe slidable back and forth thereon, a set of matrix carriers mountedin said frame, a pair of slideways communicating with said track anddepending therefrom to a casting position, a pair of conveyers movableup and down in said slideways and adapted to support a selected matrixcarrier and lower the same to castin 1position and return, and means toraise an ower the conveyors.

5. In a ty e casting machine, the combination of a liorizontal track, aframe slidable back and forth thereon, a. set of matrix carriers mountedin said frame, a air of slideways communicating with sai track anddepending therefrom to a casting position, a pair of conveyors movableup and down .in said slidways and adapted to su port aselectedmatrixcarrier and lower t e same to casting position and return, and

means to raise and lower the conveyors, said means including a pair oflevers operatively connected to the conveyers.

6. In a type casting machine, the combination of a horizontal trackhaving openings through which a matrix carrier may drop, a guldewayleading from said openings, a frame, a set of matrix carriers mounted insaid frame, the frame being slidable back and forth on the track toregister a selected matrix carrier with said openings, a pair ofconveyers mounted in said shdeway and movable up and down therein andconstructed to engage and raise and lower the selected matrixcarriezymeans to operate the conveyers to shift the matrix carrier tocasting position and return.

7. In a type casting machine, the combination of a track, a frameslidable back and forth on said track, a set of matrix carriers mountedin said frame, means to move a selected matrix carrier from said frameto casting position and return, and means to move the frame, including arack attached to the frame, a pinion engaging the rack, a shaft gearedto the inion, a crank to turn the shaft, and an in icating disk carriedby the shaft and provided with marks to indicate a'selected matrixcarrier.

8. In a type casting machine, a matrix carrier comprlsing a plate havinggrooves therein adapted to receive matrices, and a removable coverengaging said plate and extending over the grooves to confine thematrices therein.

9. In a type casting machine, the combination with a top plate providedwith projections adapted to slide along a track, of a series of matrixcarriers hinged together and to said plate.

10. In a type casting machine, the combination with a mold wheel havinga )lurality of openings, means to turn the w eel step by step to bringthe openings in succession to casting position, means to force metalthrough the selected opening in such a posi" tion, a matrix carriermovable across the face of the wheel to register its matrix with saidopening, and means to clamp the carrier against the face of the wheel.

11. In a type casting machine, the combination with a mold wheel havinga lurality of openings, means to turn the wheel step by step to bringthe openings in succession to casting position, means to force metalthrough the selected opening in such a position, a matrix carriermovable across the face of the wheel to register its matrix' with saidopening, and means to clam the carrier against the face of the w eel,and means to eject the casting'from said wheel at a succeeding positionthereof.

12. In a type casting machine, the combination with a mold wheel havingopenings nation with amold w eel having openings through which metal maybe forced, of a guideway beside said wheel, a matrix carrier slidable insaid guideway across the face of-the wheel, to register the matrix withsaid opening, and a hinged clamp located in front of the wheel andadapted to clamp the matrix carrier against the same during the castingoperation, said clamp be-' ing provided with a rear cross bar extendingbehind the matrix carriers and adapted to detach the same from the wheelwhen the clamp is opened,

14. Ina type castin machine, the combination with a mold w eel having anopening through which'molten metal may beforced of a matrix carriermovable to register the matrix with said opening, and a swinging clampmovable against the carrier to hold the same against the face of thewheel, said clamp being provided with means to engage opposite sideedges'of the carrier and center the same with respect to saido ning.

15. n a type casting machine, the combination with a mold wheelhaving-an opening through which molten metal may be forced. of a matrixcarrier movable to' register the matrix with said opening. and aswinging clamp movable against the carrier'tohold the same against theface of the wheel, said clamp being provided with means to engageopposite side edges of the carrier and center the sam' with respect tosaid opening,,snid means comprising yielding side pieces with inclinededges, and inclined brackets beside the wheel and engageahle with saidside pieces when the clamp is closed, to force said pieces inwardlyagainst the edges of the carrier.

10. lH'k for'type castings, comprising front will rear plates spacedapart, and an intermediate plate slidable up and down, the front andintermediate plates having slots to receive the stems of t e castingsand being spaced from the rear plate, whereby holes corresponding to therespective rows,

and a sliding pin movable into said holes successively, to lock andcenter the wheel in exact casting position.-

18. In a type casting machine, the combination of a mold wheel having aplurality of rows of openings arranged in succession around the wheel,means to turn the wheel step by step to register an opening of each rowin succession with castin mechanism, said wheel also. having a series ofspaced holes corresponding to the respective rows, and a sliding pinmovable into said holes successively, to ,lock and center'the wheel inexact casting position, and a plurality of ejecting pins-correspondingto the holes of each row and movable into the same to eject the casting.

19. In a type casting machine, the combination with a mold wheel havingan opening through the same, throu h which metal may be forced. of ahanger pIate, two chains of matrix carriers hung from said plate, meansto move-the plate to 'shift the matrix carriers across the face of thewheel to register a selected matrix with said 0 ning, a swinging clampmovable against t e car riers to clamp the same against the wheel. andan index finger engageable between the two chains -of matrix carriers,to properly space the same apart.

a In testimony whereof, I do affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

JOHN A. BOMMHARDT, EUGENE A. CANNING.

